Spring Interview Questions Answers - Mostly Asked 2

Spring Interview Questions - 2

Question: What are the pros or benefits of Spring framework ?

The pros of Spring framework are as follows:
  • Spring is an open source framework and free to download.
  • Spring has layered architecture. You can select the feature you wants, you can have Struts MVC and Springs IOC container in one application itself. Eventhough spring has MVC framework if you want you can opt out.
  • Spring Enables Plain Old Java Object (POJO) Programming. POJO programming enables continuous integration and testability.
  • Dependency Injection is really cool stuff, spring 3.0 onwards the introduction of component-scan/autowiring and Spring Expression Language makes it even spicier.
  • spring is lightweight.

Question: What is Dependency Injection/Inversion Of Control(IOC) in Spring framework ?

The basic concept of the Dependency Injection or Inversion of Control is that, programmer do not need to create the objects, instead just describe how it should be created. No need to directly connect your components and services together in program, instead just describe which services are needed by which components in a configuration file/xml file. The Spring IOC container is then responsible for binding it all up.
In other words, while applying Inversion Of Control, at the time of object creation, objects are given their dependencies by some external entity that coordinates each object in the system. That means, dependencies are injected into objects at the time of their creation. So, Inversion of Control means an inversion of responsibility with regard to how an object obtains references to collaborating objects.

Question: What are the different types of Inversion of Control or dependency injection ?

There are three different types of Inversion of Control or dependency injection:
  • Setter Injection: Dependencies are injected through JavaBeans properties (ex: setter/Getter methods in bean objects).
  • Constructor Injection: Dependencies are assigned as constructor parameters.
  • Interface Injection: Injection is done through an interface.

Constructor and Setter Injection are the two dependency injection method which Spring supports.

Question: What are the advantages or Pros of IOC (Dependency Injection) ?

Advantages of Dependency Injection/Inversion of Control are as follows:
  • Dependency Injection minimizes the amount of code in any application. Dependency is handled by the framework itself.
  • Dependency Injection makes developers life easier. With Inversion of Control containers developers do not need to think about how services are created and how to get references to the ones he needs.
  • Easily scalable applications. It’s very easy to add additional services by adding a new constructor or a getter/setter method with a minimal configuration. With Spring Framework 3.0, its even easier as <context:component-scan base-package=”com.blah.blah”/> will do everything for you, you don’t need to add getter and setter method and beans for each dependency injection, just autowire the services wherever it needed.<Read how spring 3.0 made a developers life easier>
  • Dependency Injection makes your application more test-friendly by not demanding any JNDI lookup mechanisms or singletons in your test cases. IOC containers make testing and switching implementations easy by allowing you to inject your own objects into the object under test.
  • Comparing to other options like factory design pattern the IOC container is injecting the dependency into requesting piece of code where as the factory design pattern is more intrusive and components or services need to be requested explicitly.
  • IOC containers support eager instantiation and lazy loading of services.
  • IOC Containers provide support for instantiation of cyclical dependencies, managed objects, life cycles management and dependency resolution between managed objects etc.

Question: What are the difference between BeanFactory and ApplicationContext in spring?


ApplicationContext.

BeanFactory
Here we can have more than one config files possible
In this only one config file or .xml file
Application contexts can publish events to beans that are registered as listeners
Doesn’t support.
Support internationalization (I18N) messages
It’s not
Support application life-cycle events, and validation.
Doesn’t support.
Support  many enterprise services such JNDI access, EJB integration, remoting
Doesn’t support.


Question: What is difference between singleton and prototype bean?

Ans: Basically a bean has scopes which defines their existence on the application

Singleton: means single bean definition to a single object instance per Spring IOC container.
Prototype: means a single bean definition to any number of object instances.
Whatever beans we defined in spring framework are singleton beans. There is an attribute in bean tag named ‘singleton’ if specified true then bean becomes singleton and if set to false then the bean becomes a prototype bean. By default it is set to true. So, all the beans in spring framework are by default singleton beans.
<bean id="createNewStock" class="springexample.stockMarket.CreateNewStockAccont" singleton=”false”
     <property name="newBid"/>
</bean>

Question: What is bean wiring?

Ans: Combining together beans within the Spring container is known as bean wiring or wiring. When wiring beans, you should tell the container what beans are needed and how the container should use dependency injection to tie them together.


Question: What are the important beans lifecycle methods?

Ans: There are two important bean lifecycle methods. The first one is setup which is called when the bean is loaded in to the container. The second method is the teardown method which is called when the bean is unloaded from the container.

Question: Explain Bean-LifeCycle.

Ans: Spring framework is based on IOC so we call it as IOC container also. So Spring beans reside inside the IOCcontainer. Spring beans are nothing but Plain old java object (POJO).

Following steps explain their life cycle inside container.
  • Container will look the bean definition inside configuration file (e.g. bean.xml).
  • Using the dependency injection, spring populates all of the properties as specified in the bean definition.
  • If the bean implements the BeanNameAware interface, the factory calls setBeanName() passing the bean’s ID.
  • If the bean implements the BeanFactoryAware interface, the factory calls setBeanFactory(), passing an instance of itself.
  • If there are any BeanPostProcessors associated with the bean, their post- ProcessBeforeInitialization()methods will be called before the properties for the Bean are set.
  • If an init() method is specified for the bean, it will be called.
  • If the Bean class implements the DisposableBean interface, then the method destroy() will be called when the Application no longer needs the bean reference.
  • If the Bean definition in the Configuration file contains a 'destroy-method' attribute, then the corresponding method definition in the Bean class will be called.

Question: How can you override beans default lifecycle methods?

Ans:The bean tag has two more important attributes with which you can define your own custom initialization and destroy methods. Here I have shown a small demonstration. Two new methods fooSetup and fooTeardown are to be added to your Foo class.
<beans>
  <bean id="bar" class="com.act.Foo"
     init-method="fooSetup" destroy="fooTeardown"/>
</beans>

Question: What are Inner Beans?

When wiring beans, if a bean element is embedded to a property tag directly, then that bean is said to the Inner Bean. The drawback of this bean is that it cannot be reused anywhere else.

Question: What is Auto wiring?

You can wire the beans as you wish. But spring framework also does this work for you. It can auto wire the related beans together. All you have to do is just set the autowire attribute of bean tag to an autowire type.



<beans>
     <bean id="bar" class="com.act.Foo" Autowire="autowire type"/>
</beans>

Question: How do add a bean in spring application?








<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
<beans>
   <bean id="foo" class="com.act.Foo"/>
        <bean id="bar" class="com.act.Bar"/
</beans>
In the bean tag the id attribute specifies the bean name and the class attribute specifies the fully qualified class name.

Question: What are different types of Autowire types?

There are four different types by which autowiring can be done.
  • byName
  • byType
  • constructor
  • autodetect

Question: What is an Aspect?

An aspect is the cross-cutting functionality that you are implementing. It is the aspect of your application you are modularizing. An example of an aspect is logging. Logging is something that is required throughout an application. However, because applications tend to be broken down into layers based on functionality, reusing a logging module through inheritance does not make sense. However, you can create a logging aspect and apply it throughout your application using AOP.

Question: What is a Jointpoint?

A joinpoint is a point in the execution of the application where an aspect can be plugged in. This point could be a method being called, an exception being thrown, or even a field being modified. These are the points where your aspect’s code can be inserted into the normal flow of your application to add new behavior.

Question: What is an Advice?

Advice is the implementation of an aspect. It is something like telling your application of a new behavior. Generally, and advice is inserted into an application at joinpoints.

Question:  What is a Pointcut?

A pointcut is something that defines at what joinpoints an advice should be applied. Advices can be applied at any joinpoint that is supported by the AOP framework. These Pointcuts allow you to specify where the advice can be applied.

Question: What is an Introduction in AOP?

An introduction allows the user to add new methods or attributes to an existing class. This can then be introduced to an existing class without having to change the structure of the class, but give them the new behavior and state.


Question: What is a Target?

A target is the class that is being advised. The class can be a third party class or your own class to which you want to add your own custom behavior. By using the concepts of AOP, the target class is free to center on its major concern, unaware to any advice that is being applied.


Question: What is a Proxy?

A proxy is an object that is created after applying advice to a target object. When you think of client objects the target object and the proxy object are the same.

Question: What is meant by Weaving?

The process of applying aspects to a target object to create a new proxy object is called as Weaving. The aspects are woven into the target object at the specified joinpoints.


Question: What are the different points where weaving can be applied?

  • Compile Time
  • Classload Time
  • Runtime

Question: What are the different advice types in spring?

  • Around : Intercepts the calls to the target method
  • Before : This is called before the target method is invoked
  • After : This is called after the target method is returned
  • Throws : This is called when the target method throws and exception
  • Around : org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor
  • Before : org.springframework.aop.BeforeAdvice
  • After : org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice
  • Throws : org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice

 

Question: Explain about PreparedStatementCreator?

Ans: PreparedStatementCreator is one of the most common used interfaces for writing data to database. The interface has one method createPreparedStatement().
1
2
PreparedStatement <strong>createPreparedStatement</strong>
(Connection conn) throws SQLException;
When this interface is implemented, we should create and return a PreparedStatement from the Connection argument, and the exception handling is automatically taken care off. When this interface is implemented, another interface SqlProvider is also implemented which has a method called getSql()which is used to provide sql strings to JdbcTemplate.

The superclass "javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet" was not found on the Java Build Path - Solution

Solution to the Java Web Project error : " The superclass "javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet" was not found on the Java Build Path ".

Add the javax.servlet-api library (servlet.jar) to class path. If you're using maven add the following dependency ( scope = provided, runtime dependency will be provided by the servlet container i.e your web server eg : tomcat, jboss etc)



        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

Hibernate Interview Questions Answers - Most Asked

Hibernate Interview Questions

Q. What are the id generator classes in hibernate?

A:  The optional <generator> child element names a Java class used to generate unique identifiers for instances of the persistent class. If any parameters are required to configure or initialize the generator instance, they are passed using the <param> element.

<id name="id" type="long" column="cat_id">
        <generator class="org.hibernate.id.TableHiLoGenerator">
                <param name="table">uid_table</param>
                <param name="column">next_hi_value_column</param>
        </generator>
</id>
All generators implement the interface org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGenerator. This is a very simple interface. Some applications can choose to provide their own specialized implementations, however, Hibernate provides a range of built-in implementations. The shortcut names for the built-in generators are as follows:

increment: It generates identifiers of type long, short or int that are unique only when no other process is inserting data into the same table. It should not the used in the clustered environment.
identity: It supports identity columns in DB2, MySQL, MS SQL Server, Sybase and HypersonicSQL. The returned identifier is of type long, short or int.
sequence: The sequence generator uses a sequence in DB2, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SAP DB, McKoi or a generator in Interbase. The returned identifier is of type long, short or int
hilo: The hilo generator uses a hi/lo algorithm to efficiently generate identifiers of type long, short or int, given a table and column (by default hibernate_unique_key and next_hi respectively) as a source of hi values. The hi/lo algorithm generates identifiers that are unique only for a particular database. Do not use this generator with connections enlisted with JTA or with a user-supplied connection.
seqhilo: The seqhilo generator uses a hi/lo algorithm to efficiently generate identifiers of type long, short or int, given a named database sequence.
uuid: The uuid generator uses a 128-bit UUID algorithm to generate identifiers of type string, unique within a network (the IP address is used). The UUID is encoded as a string of hexadecimal digits of length 32.
guid: It uses a database-generated GUID string on MS SQL Server and MySQL.
native: It picks identity, sequence or hilo depending upon the capabilities of the underlying database.
assigned: lets the application to assign an identifier to the object before save() is called. This is the default strategy if no <generator> element is specified.
select: retrieves a primary key assigned by a database trigger by selecting the row by some unique key and retrieving the primary key value.
foreign: uses the identifier of another associated object. Usually used in conjunction with a <one-to-one> primary key association. 


Q. How do you define hibernate mapping file in spring?

A. Add the hibernate mapping file entry in mapping resource inside Spring’s applicationContext.xml file in the web/WEB-INF directory.
 

<property name="mappingResources">
    <list>
        <value>org/appfuse/model/User.hbm.xml</value>
    </list>
</property>
 

Q. What are the key benifits of Hibernate?

A:  These are the key benifits of Hibernate:
  • Transparent persistence based on POJOs without byte code processing 
  • Powerful object-oriented hibernate query language
  • Descriptive O/R Mapping through mapping file.
  • Automatic primary key generation 
  • Hibernate cache : Session Level, Query and Second level cache.
  • Performance: Lazy initialization, Outer join fetching, Batch fetching

Q. What is hibernate session and session factory? How do you configure sessionfactory in spring configuration file?

A. Hibernate Session is the main runtime interface between a Java application and Hibernate. SessionFactory allows applications to create hibernate session by reading hibernate configurations file hibernate.cfg.xml.
 

// Initialize the Hibernate environment
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
// Create the session factory
SessionFactory factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
// Obtain the new session object
Session session = factory.openSession();
 
The call to Configuration().configure() loads the hibernate.cfg.xml configuration file and initializes the Hibernate environment. Once the configuration is initialized, you can make any additional modifications you desire programmatically. However, you must make these modifications prior to creating the SessionFactory instance. An instance of SessionFactory is typically created once and used to create all sessions related to a given context.
The main function of the Session is to offer create, read and delete operations for instances of mapped entity classes. Instances may exist in one of three states:


transient: never persistent, not associated with any Session
persistent: associated with a unique Session
detached: previously persistent, not associated with any Session
A Hibernate Session object represents a single unit-of-work for a given data store and is opened by a SessionFactory instance. You must close Sessions when all work for a transaction is completed. The following illustrates a typical Hibernate session:
Session session = null;
UserInfo user = null;
Transaction tx = null;
try {
   session = factory.openSession();
   tx = session.beginTransaction();
   user = (UserInfo)session.load(UserInfo.class, id);
   tx.commit();
} catch(Exception e) {
   if (tx != null) {
      try {
         tx.rollback();
      } catch (HibernateException e1) {
         throw new DAOException(e1.toString()); }
   } throw new DAOException(e.toString());
} finally {
   if (session != null) {
      try {
         session.close();
      } catch (HibernateException e) { }
   }
}


Q. What is the difference between hibernate get and load methods?

A. The load() method is older; get() was added to Hibernate’s API due to user request. The difference is trivial:
The following Hibernate code snippet retrieves a User object from the database:  User user = (User) session.get(User.class, userID);
The get() method is special because the identifier uniquely identifies a single instance of a class. Hence it’s common for applications to use the identifier as a convenient handle to a persistent object. Retrieval by identifier can use the cache when retrieving an object, avoiding a database hit if the object is already cached.
Hibernate also provides a load() method:  User user = (User) session.load(User.class, userID);
If load() can’t find the object in the cache or database, an exception is thrown. The load() method never returns null. The get() method returns
null if the object can’t be found. The load() method may return a proxy instead of a real persistent instance. A proxy is a placeholder instance of a runtime-generated subclass (through cglib or Javassist) of a mapped persistent class, it can initialize itself if any method is called that is not the mapped database identifier getter-method. On the other hand, get() never returns a proxy. Choosing between get() and load() is easy: If you’re certain the persistent object exists, and nonexistence would be considered exceptional, load() is a good option. If you aren’t certain there is a persistent instance with the given
identifier, use get() and test the return value to see if it’s null. Using load() has a further implication: The application may retrieve a valid reference (a proxy) to a persistent instance without hitting the database to retrieve its persistent state. So load() might not throw an exception when it doesn’t find the persistent object in the cache or database; the exception would be thrown later, when the proxy is accessed. 


Q. What type of transaction management is supported in hibernate? 

A. Hibernate communicates with the database via a JDBC Connection; hence it must support both managed and non-managed transactions.
    non-managed in web containers:
 

<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateTransactionManager">
    <property name="sessionFactory">
        <ref local="sessionFactory"/>
    </property>
</bean>
 
    managed in application server using JTA:
 

<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager.">
    <property name="sessionFactory">
        <ref local="sessionFactory"/>
    </property>
</bean>
 

Q. What is lazy loading and how do you achieve that in hibernate?

A. Lazy setting decides whether to load child objects while loading the Parent Object. You need to specify parent class.Lazy = true in hibernate mapping file. By default the lazy loading of the child objects is true. This make sure that the child objects are not loaded unless they are explicitly invoked in the application by calling getChild() method on parent. In this case hibernate issues a fresh database call to load the child when getChild() is actully called on the Parent object. But in some cases you do need to load the child objects when parent is loaded. Just make the lazy=false and hibernate will load the child when parent is loaded from the database. Examples: Address child of User class can be made lazy if it is not required frequently. But you may need to load the Author object for Book parent whenever you deal with the book for online bookshop.
Hibernate does not support lazy initialization for detached objects. Access to a lazy association outside of the context of an open Hibernate session will result in an exception.


Q. What are the different fetching strategy in Hibernate?


A. Hibernate3 defines the following fetching strategies:
 
Join fetching - Hibernate retrieves the associated instance or collection in the same SELECT, using an OUTER JOIN. 
Select fetching - a second SELECT is used to retrieve the associated entity or collection. Unless you explicitly disable lazy fetching by specifying lazy="false", this second select will only be executed when you actually access the association.
Subselect fetching - a second SELECT is used to retrieve the associated collections for all entities retrieved in a previous query or fetch. Unless you explicitly disable lazy fetching by specifying lazy="false", this second select will only be executed when you actually access the association.Batch fetching - an optimization strategy for select fetching - Hibernate retrieves a batch of entity instances or collections in a single SELECT, by specifying a list of primary keys or foreign keys.

Q. What are different types of cache hibernate supports ?

A. Caching is widely used for optimizing database applications. Hibernate uses two different caches for objects: first-level cache and second-level cache
First-level cache is associated with the Session object, while second-level cache is associated with the Session Factory object. By default, Hibernate uses first-level cache on a per-transaction basis. Hibernate uses this cache mainly to reduce the number of SQL queries it needs to generate within a given transaction. For example, if an object is modified several times within the same transaction, Hibernate will generate only one SQL UPDATE statement at the end of the transaction, containing all the modifications. To reduce database traffic, second-level cache keeps loaded objects at the Session Factory level between transactions. These objects are available to the whole application, not just to the user running the query. This way, each time a query returns an object that is already loaded in the cache, one or more database transactions potentially are avoided. In addition, you can use a query-level cache if you need to cache actual query results, rather than just persistent objects. The query cache should always be used in conjunction with the second-level cache. Hibernate supports the following open-source cache implementations out-of-the-box: 
  • EHCache is a fast, lightweight, and easy-to-use in-process cache. It supports read-only and read/write caching, and memory- and disk-based caching. However, it does not support clustering.
  • OSCache is another open-source caching solution. It is part of a larger package, which also provides caching functionalities for JSP pages or arbitrary objects. It is a powerful and flexible package, which, like EHCache, supports read-only and read/write caching, and memory- and disk-based caching. It also provides basic support for clustering via either JavaGroups or JMS.
  • SwarmCache is a simple cluster-based caching solution based on JavaGroups. It supports read-only or nonstrict read/write caching (the next section explains this term). This type of cache is appropriate for applications that typically have many more read operations than write operations.
  • JBoss TreeCache is a powerful replicated (synchronous or asynchronous) and transactional cache. Use this solution if you really need a true transaction-capable caching architecture.

Q. What are the different caching strategies?

A. The following four caching strategies are available:
  • Read-only: This strategy is useful for data that is read frequently but never updated. This is by far the simplest and best-performing cache strategy.
  • Read/write: Read/write caches may be appropriate if your data needs to be updated. They carry more overhead than read-only caches. In non-JTA environments, each transaction should be completed when Session.close() or Session.disconnect() is called.
  • Nonstrict read/write: This strategy does not guarantee that two transactions won't simultaneously modify the same data. Therefore, it may be most appropriate for data that is read often but only occasionally modified.
  • Transactional: This is a fully transactional cache that may be used only in a JTA environment.

Q. How do you configure 2nd level cach in hibernate?

A. To activate second-level caching, you need to define the hibernate.cache.provider_class property in the hibernate.cfg.xml file as follows: 
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.EHCacheProvider</property>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
By default, the second-level cache is activated and uses the EHCache provider.
To use the query cache you must first enable it by setting the property hibernate.cache.use_query_cache to true in hibernate.properties.


Q. What is the difference between sorted and ordered collection in hibernate?

A. A sorted collection is sorted in-memory using java comparator, while order collection is ordered at the database level using order by clause.

Q. What are the types of inheritence models and describe how they work like vertical inheritence and horizontal?

A. There are three types of inheritance mapping in hibernate :
Example: Let us take the simple example of 3 java classes. Class Manager and Worker are inherited from Employee Abstract class.
1. Table per concrete class with unions : In this case there will be 2 tables. Tables: Manager, Worker [all common attributes will be duplicated]
2. Table per class hierarchy: Single Table can be mapped to a class hierarchy. There will be only one table in database called 'Employee' that will represent all the attributes required for all 3 classes. But it needs some discriminating column to differentiate between Manager and worker;
3. Table per subclass: In this case there will be 3 tables represent Employee, Manager and Worker

Spring Interview Questions Answers - Mostly Asked 1

Spring Interview Questions 1



Q. Explain DI or IOC pattern. 

A:  Dependency injection (DI) is a programming design pattern and architectural model, sometimes also referred to as inversion of control or IOC, although technically speaking, dependency injection specifically refers to an implementation of a particular form of IOC. Dependancy Injection describes the situation where one object uses a second object to provide a particular capacity. For example, being passed a database connection as an argument to the constructor instead of creating one internally. The term "Dependency injection" is a misnomer, since it is not a dependency that is injected, rather it is a provider of some capability or resource that is injected. There are three common forms of dependency injection: setter-, constructor- and interface-based injection. Dependency injection is a way to achieve loose coupling. Inversion of control (IOC) relates to the way in which an object obtains references to its dependencies. This is often done by a lookup method. The advantage of inversion of control is that it decouples objects from specific lookup mechanisms and implementations of the objects it depends on. As a result, more flexibility is obtained for production applications as well as for testing.

Q. What are the different IOC containers available?

A. Spring is an IOC container. Other IOC containers are HiveMind, Avalon, PicoContainer.

Q. What are the different types of dependency injection. Explain with examples.

A: There are two types of dependency injection: setter injection and constructor injection.
Setter Injection:  Normally in all the java beans, we will use setter and getter method to set and get the value of property as follows:
 

    public class NameBean {
     String      name;
     public void setName(String a) {   name = a; }
     public String getName() {   return name; }
    }
 
We will create an instance of the bean 'NameBean' (say bean1) and set property as bean1.setName("tom"); Here in setter injection, we will set the property 'name'  in spring configuration file as showm below: <bean id="bean1"   class="NameBean">
   <property   name="name" >
       <value>tom</value>
   </property>
</bean>

The subelement <value> sets the 'name' property by calling the set method as setName("tom"); This process is called setter injection.
To set properties that reference other beans <ref>, subelement of <property> is used as shown below,
 
<bean id="bean1"   class="bean1impl">
   <property name="game">
       <ref bean="bean2"/>
   </property>
</bean>
<bean id="bean2"   class="bean2impl" />
 
Constructor injection:  For constructor injection, we use constructor with parameters as shown below,
 

 public class namebean {
     String name;
     public namebean(String a) {
        name = a;
     }
}
 
We will set the property 'name' while creating an instance of the bean 'namebean' as namebean bean1 = new namebean("tom");
 
Here we use the <constructor-arg> element to set the the property by constructor injection as
 <bean id="bean1"  class="namebean">
    <constructor-arg>
       <value>My Bean Value</value>
   </constructor-arg>
</bean>
 

Q. What is spring? What are the various parts of spring framework? What are the different persistence frameworks which could be used with spring?

A. Spring is an open source framework created to address the complexity of enterprise application development. One of the chief advantages of the Spring framework is its layered architecture, which allows you to be selective about which of its components you use while also providing a cohesive framework for J2EE application development. The Spring modules are built on top of the core container, which defines how beans are created, configured, and managed, as shown in the following figure. Each of the modules (or components) that comprise the Spring framework can stand on its own or be implemented jointly with one or more of the others. The functionality of each component is as follows:

The core container: The core container provides the essential functionality of the Spring framework. A primary component of the core container is the BeanFactory, an implementation of the Factory pattern. The BeanFactory applies the Inversion of Control (IOC) pattern to separate an application’s configuration and dependency specification from the actual application code.

Spring context: The Spring context is a configuration file that provides context information to the Spring framework. The Spring context includes enterprise services such as JNDI, EJB, e-mail, internalization, validation, and scheduling functionality.

Spring AOP: The Spring AOP module integrates aspect-oriented programming functionality directly into the Spring framework, through its configuration management feature. As a result you can easily AOP-enable any object managed by the Spring framework. The Spring AOP module provides transaction management services for objects in any Spring-based application. With Spring AOP you can incorporate declarative transaction management into your applications without relying on EJB components.

Spring DAO: The Spring JDBC DAO abstraction layer offers a meaningful exception hierarchy for managing the exception handling and error messages thrown by different database vendors. The exception hierarchy simplifies error handling and greatly reduces the amount of exception code you need to write, such as opening and closing connections. Spring DAO’s JDBC-oriented exceptions comply to its generic DAO exception hierarchy.

Spring ORM: The Spring framework plugs into several ORM frameworks to provide its Object Relational tool, including JDO, Hibernate, and iBatis SQL Maps. All of these comply to Spring’s generic transaction and DAO exception hierarchies.

Spring Web module: The Web context module builds on top of the application context module, providing contexts for Web-based applications. As a result, the Spring framework supports integration with Jakarta Struts. The Web module also eases the tasks of handling multi-part requests and binding request parameters to domain objects.

Spring MVC framework: The Model-View-Controller (MVC) framework is a full-featured MVC implementation for building Web applications. The MVC framework is highly configurable via strategy interfaces and accommodates numerous view technologies including JSP, Velocity, Tiles, iText, and POI.



Q. What is AOP? How does it relate with IOC? What are different tools to utilize AOP?

A:  Aspect-oriented programming, or AOP, is a programming technique that allows programmers to modularize crosscutting concerns, or behavior that cuts across the typical divisions of responsibility, such as logging and transaction management. The core construct of AOP is the aspect, which encapsulates behaviors affecting multiple classes into reusable modules. AOP and IOC are complementary technologies in that both apply a modular approach to complex problems in enterprise application development. In a typical object-oriented development approach you might implement logging functionality by putting logger statements in all your methods and Java classes. In an AOP approach you would instead modularize the logging services and apply them declaratively to the components that required logging. The advantage, of course, is that the Java class doesn't need to know about the existence of the logging service or concern itself with any related code. As a result, application code written using Spring AOP is loosely coupled. The best tool to utilize AOP to its capability is AspectJ. However AspectJ works at he byte code level and you need to use AspectJ compiler to get the aop features built into your compiled code. Nevertheless AOP functionality is fully integrated into the Spring context for transaction management, logging, and various other features.  In general any AOP framework control aspects in three possible ways:
 

Joinpoints: Points in a program's execution. For example, joinpoints could define calls to specific methods in a class
Pointcuts: Program constructs to designate joinpoints and collect specific context at those points
Advices: Code that runs upon meeting certain conditions. For example, an advice could log a message before executing a joinpoint
 

Q. What are the advantages of spring framework?

  1. Spring has layed architecture. Use what you need and leave you don't need now.
  2. Spring Enables POJO Programming. There is no behind the scene magic here. POJO programming enables continous integration and testability.
  3. Dependency Injection and Inversion of Control Simplifies JDBC (Read the first question.)
  4. Open source and no vendor lock-in.

Q. Explain BeanFactory in spring.

A: Bean factory is an implementation of the factory design pattern and its function is to create and dispense beans. As the bean factory knows about many objects within an application, it is able to create association between collaborating objects as they are instantiated. This removes the burden of configuration from the bean and the client. There are several implementation of BeanFactory. The most useful one is "org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory" It loads its beans based on the definition contained in an XML file. To create an XmlBeanFactory, pass a InputStream to the constructor. The resource will provide the XML to the factory. BeanFactory  factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new FileInputStream("myBean.xml"));
This line tells the bean factory to read the bean definition from the XML file. The bean definition includes the description of beans and their properties. But the bean factory doesn't instantiate the bean yet. To retrieve a bean from a 'BeanFactory', the getBean() method is called. When getBean() method is called, factory will instantiate the bean and begin setting the bean's properties using dependency injection. 
myBean bean1 = (myBean)factory.getBean("myBean");

Q. Explain the role of ApplicationContext in spring.

A. While Bean Factory is used for simple applications, the Application Context is spring's more advanced container. Like 'BeanFactory' it can be used to load bean definitions, wire beans together and dispense beans upon request. It also provide
1) a means for resolving text messages, including support for internationalization.
2) a generic way to load file resources.
3) events to beans that are registered as listeners.
 
Because of additional functionality, 'Application Context' is preferred over a BeanFactory. Only when the resource is scarce like mobile devices, 'BeanFactory' is used. The three commonly used implementation of 'Application Context' are
 

1. ClassPathXmlApplicationContext : It Loads  context definition from an XML file located in the classpath, treating context definitions as classpath resources. The application context is loaded from the application's classpath by using the code 
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
2. FileSystemXmlApplicationContext : It loads context definition from an XML file in the filesystem. The application context is loaded from the file system by using the code
ApplicationContext    context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
3. XmlWebApplicationContext : It loads context definition from an XML file contained within a web application.
 

Q. How does Spring supports DAO in hibernate?

A. Spring’s HibernateDaoSupport class is a convenient super class for Hibernate DAOs. It has handy methods you can call to get a Hibernate Session, or a SessionFactory. The most convenient method is getHibernateTemplate(), which returns a HibernateTemplate. This template wraps Hibernate checked exceptions with runtime exceptions, allowing your DAO interfaces to be Hibernate exception-free.
Example:
 

public class UserDAOHibernate extends HibernateDaoSupport {
 
public User getUser(Long id) {
return (User) getHibernateTemplate().get(User.class, id);
}
public void saveUser(User user) {
getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(user);
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(“userId set to: “ + user.getID());
}
}
public void removeUser(Long id) {
Object user = getHibernateTemplate().load(User.class, id);
getHibernateTemplate().delete(user);
}
 
}

Q. How is a typical spring implementation look like?

A. For a typical Spring Application we need the following files  
1. An interface that defines the functions.
2. An Implementation that contains properties, its setter and getter methods, functions etc.,
3. A XML file called Spring configuration file.
4. Client program that uses the function.  

Q. Can you have xyz.xml file instead of applicationcontext.xml?  

A. ContextLoaderListener is a ServletContextListener that initializes when your webapp starts up. By default, it looks for Spring’s configuration file at WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml. You can change this default value by specifying a <context-param> element named “contextConfigLocation.” Example:
 

<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener> 
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/xyz.xml</param-value>
    </context-param> 
    </listener-class>
</listener>

Q. How do you configure spring in a web application?  

A. It is very easy to configure any J2EE-based web application to use Spring. At the very least, you can simply add Spring’s ContextLoaderListener to your web.xml file:
 
<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

Q. How can you configure JNDI instead of datasource in spring applicationcontext.xml?

A. Using "org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean". Example:

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">
    <property name="jndiName">
        <value>java:comp/env/jdbc/appfuse</value>
    </property>
</bean>

Q. How do you configure your database driver in spring?

A. Using datasource "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource".
Example:
 <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName">
        <value>org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</value>
    </property>
    <property name="url">
        <value>jdbc:hsqldb:db/appfuse</value>
    </property>
    <property name="username"><value>sa</value></property>
    <property name="password"><value></value></property>
</bean>

Excel to Wiki table converter

Tab separated table - Excel / Google Sheet to Wiki table converter



Input : Paste Tab-separated table data ( eg : row/column from Excel, Google Docs etc)

Output : MediaWiki formatted table





Source : GitHub

Logging levels - meanings and use

All the popular logging frameworks follow the similar convention and naming for log levels. There are five priority levels in use.

Order ( high priority to low):
  • FATAL ERROR WARN INFO DEBUG TRACE
Meaning and Use:
  1. debug to write debugging messages which should not be printed when the application is in production.
  2. info for messages similar to the "verbose" mode of many applications.
  3. warn for warning messages which are logged to some log but the application is able to carry on without a problem.
  4. error for application error messages which are also logged to some log but, still, the application can hobble along. Such as when some administrator-supplied configuration parameter is incorrect and you fall back to using some hard-coded default value.
  5. fatal for critical messages, after logging of which the application quits abnormally.
 Additionally, there are two other levels. They have the obvious meanings.
  1. ALL
  2. OFF

grails detecting environment - groovy & gsp code

Grails/Groovy working code snippet to detect the current environment (development, test, production, or your  custom). Custom environment are defined in config.groovy file.

Detecting Environment in GSP code :

Following checks if current environment is other than production.
    <g:if test="${env != "production"}">
        //your logic 

    </g:if>

Detecting environment in Groovy Code ( in Controller, Service, etc..), using switch-case comparison

        switch(Environment.current.getName()){
            case "development":
                //do your stuff 1
                break;
            case "test":
                //do your stuff 2
                break;
            case "production":
                //do your stuff 3
                break;
            case "my_environment":  // for custom environment : my_environment
                //todo:
                break;
        }

Simple comparison in groovy

if(Environment.current.getName()=="development") {
    //do your stuff
}

Grails - auto login in spring security

Consider a typical web application where you have multiple user roles (like SUPER_ADMIN, OPERATOR, VISITOR etc ) and you need to do login and switch between them frequently. It certainly consumes a lot of time if you do this manually. One simple solution would be to use the browser's password remember feature. But this would not be useful if you need to switch between different role.

Here, I am going to do show how we can setup this mechanism in Grails applications which uses Spring Security plugin.

If you are using Spring Security plugin then, by default you will have following names for html textbox for username and password : j_username and j_password. and you have login request url as http://localhost:8080/YOUR_APP/j_spring_security_check .

The required login script :

Groovy Grails - Dynamic Method n Variable name and invoking them

Groovy allows to use dynamic method name and variable name and invoke/use them.

Dynamic Variable Names

Groovy allows to use variable name dynamically. To test this lets introduce a variable  "dogname" to Dog class

class Dog {
def dogname
...
}

//Testing dynamic variable name
        def aDog= new Dog()
aDog.name="Hachi"
def prop="dogname"

println aDog."$prop" // prints Hachi

git- saving username password - credential.helper cache - how to

Isn't is interesting if there is an option in GIT to save your credentials for short time so that you don't enter your username/password repeatedly each time when you do pull/push? Yes! there is an option introduced in GIT since 1.7.9 (released on January 2012). This method is more secure than permanently saving your username/password in   .git  file of your git clone directory.

So, run the following command at the GIT console (git bash) :
git config --global credential.helper cache
This caches the credentials for 15 minutes ( 900 seconds) by default. If you want a longer timeout period (say3600 seconds), you can do the following :
git config --global credential.helper 'cache --timeout=3600'

Grails - beginners video tutorial


From the Grails site: "Grails aims to bring the 'coding by convention' paradigm to Groovy. It's an open-source web application framework that leverages the Groovy language and complements Java Web development. You can use Grails as a standalone development environment that hides all configuration details or integrate your Java business logic. Grails aims to make development as simple as possible and hence should appeal to a wide range of developers not just those from the Java community."

grails- add jar to lib folder - not working - solution

In grails application you can add jar dependencies by just pasting the .jar file to lib folder. If your code doesn't find the jar dependency at runtime then you can do following :

Run the following grail command (s):
  • clean
  • compile --refresh-dependencies 
In eclipse you can open the Grails Command Prompt by :
Right Click on project -> Grail Tools -> Open Grails Command Prompt

Hope this helps.

nepali english date conversion logic - working java code


My friend Manoj has written about Nepali-English date conversion in this post. Take a look :

http://forjavaprogrammers.blogspot.com/2012/06/how-to-convert-english-date-to-nepali.html

He has explained the algorithm in detail about how to convert English dates into Nepali dates with java code.

android media player - play file http rtsp streams

MediaPlayer class (android.media.MediaPlayer ) can be used to control playback of audio/video files and streams.  

Code:

String url = "http://........"; // your media URL here
//String url = "rtsp://........"; 
//String url = "file:///sdcard/intro.3gp"; //local file

MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
mediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(url); //Sets the data source (file-path or http/rtsp URL) to use

To play audio file, you can simply call mediaPlayer.start();

mediaPlayer.prepare()
mediaPlayer.start();

For the Audio Stream (http, rtsp)

After setting the datasource and the display surface, you need to either call prepare() or prepareAsync().
For streams, you should call prepareAsync(), which returns immediately, rather than blocking until enough data has been buffered.

A MediaPlayer object must first enter the Prepared state before playback can be started. MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener defines Interfaces  for a callback to be invoked when the media source is ready for playback.


mediaPlayer.prepareAsync();
//You can show progress dialog here untill it prepared to play

mediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(new OnPreparedListener() {
        @Override
        public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {
            //Called when the media file is ready for playback.
            mp.start();
        }
    });
    mediaPlayer.setOnErrorListener(new OnErrorListener() {
        @Override
        public boolean onError(MediaPlayer mp, int what, int extra) {
            return false;
        }
    });


java spring - read properties file variable from xml -PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer

Java springframework xml configuration file - how to read properties file variables from spring xml :
We have to use PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer bean for this.

1).properties file location -

  • src/main/resource @ maven managed project
  • OR at classpath

2)The xml code to initialize/read properties file, 

hibernate annotation inheritance mappedsuperclass - common columns in super class

When you are using annotations for hibernate object relational mapping, there might be the case that we need to abstract out some common columns that goes into all table definitions. These columns might be ID, DFlag, LastModifiedDate etc..
In such case we can take advantage of @MappedSuperclass annotation to achieve inheritance in hibernate annotation.

Example :

Super class BaseTable that contains common column definitions:

@MappedSuperclass
public abstract class BaseTable {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    @Column(name = "id")
    private int id;

    @Column(name = "dflag")
    private int dFlag;

    @Column(name = "lastmodifieddate")
    private Date lastModifiedDate;
    
    //other required columns
....
}

Extending it to use in other tables :


@Entity
@Table(name = "LoginUser")
public class LoginUser extends BaseTable  implements Serializable{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1920053571118011085L;

    @Column(name = "username")
    private String username;

    @Column(name = "password")
    private String password;

    @Column(name = "invalidCount")
    private int invalidCount;
    
    //other required tables
   ...
}


It works !

mysql hibernate unicode support - character set, collate

I just did following configurations to achieve Unicode support in my Java+Hibernate+MySQL project.

Configuring MySQL to support Unicode - set Character Set and Collate as :
CREATE TABLE YOUR_DB_NAME
 CHARACTER SET "UTF8"
 COLLATE "utf8_general_ci";

NOTE : You Need to do "ALTER TABLE" instead of "CREATE TABLE", 
      if you are going to modify existing DB.

Hibernate JDBC connection string :
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/YOUR_DB_NAME?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8

Hibernate Configuration:
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
    ...
    <property name="hibernate.connection.charSet">UTF-8</property>
    <property name="hibernate.connection.characterEncoding">UTF-8</property>
    <property name="hibernate.connection.useUnicode">true</property>
    ...
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

Java code to find public IP address (servlet and client side code)


Java code to find public IP address :

URL url= new URL("http://gt-tests.appspot.com/ip");
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(url.openStream()));
String ip = in.readLine();
System.out.println("IP : "+ip);

I created a simple servlet app on google app engine  and posted at http://gt-tests.appspot.com/ip .

The servlet code returns the public address of client, it looks like :

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
  PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
  // Get client's IP address
  String addr = req.getRemoteAddr();
  out.println(addr);
  ...

Java Script code that disables right click and prevents selecting the text on web page.

Java Script code that disables right click and selecting the text on web page.
Put the following code in your <body>........</body> tag.
<script>
function disableselect(e){return false;}
function reEnable(){return true;}
document.onselectstart=new Function (){return false;}
if (window.sidebar){
    document.onmousedown=disableselect;
    document.onclick=reEnable;
}
</script>

<script>
document.oncontextmenu = function(){return false;}
if(document.layers) {
    window.captureEvents(Event.MOUSEDOWN);
    window.onmousedown = function(e){
        if(e.target==document)
        return false;
    }
}else {
    document.onmousedown = function(){return false;}
}

For Blogger template,

  • Search for </body> in the template code
  • paste the above script just before </body> tage.
Enjoy !
You are now safe from website article thief.

facebook security bug - change password of a active user - without knowing original password

change password of a active user -without knowing original password - security bug - Facebook allows to change password in active login without entering current password

As of May 2012, Facebook has over 900 million active users. Security and privacy should be the number one concern of Facebook Inc. But I just found one BUG in Facebook security system.

This might (not) be a security bug in Facebook. And probably be fixed by Facebook when you tried to do the same, because I am going to report this to Facebook.

All the steps below that I am going to share - deals with changing someone else’s password without entering their previous/current password. I have never seen or write code for “login preference change” that allows to change password without entering previous password or other information.  I was shocked to know that Facebook allows it. I was just playing with Security option in Facebook’s Account setting https://www.facebook.com/settings. And found that.

Steps that I followed :

eclipse proguard maven project configuration - java obfuscate

I am going to describe how can can configure proguard and maven to obfuscate a java project. If you need help on how to configure maven project in eclipse see my earlier post.

A)Project configs
    <!-- Project configs -->
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.gt</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-proguard-test</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <version>-ver.01</version>
    <name>maven-proguard-test-application</name>

    <properties>
        <project.build.mainClass>com.gt.App</project.build.mainClass>
    </properties>

Speech Recognition Java Code - HMM VQ MFCC ( Hidden markov model, Vector Quantization and Mel Filter Cepstral Coefficient)

Hi everyone,
I have shared speech recognition code in google code :
http://code.google.com/p/speech-recognition-java-hidden-markov-model-vq-mfcc/

You can find complete source code for speech recognition using  HMM, VQ, MFCC ( Hidden markov model, Vector Quantization and Mel Filter Cepstral Coefficient). Feel free to use and modify this code.

The project report that accompanies this code is here.
http://ganeshtiwaridotcomdotnp.blogspot.com/2011/06/final-report-text-prompted-remote.html

Introduction to the project :
http://ganeshtiwaridotcomdotnp.blogspot.com/2010/12/text-prompted-remote-speaker.html

colored object tracking in java- javacv code

Code for this demo video - Color Based Image Segmentation to Track Path of Moving Object


Working Source Code :
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_core.IPL_DEPTH_8U;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_core.cvCreateImage;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_core.cvFlip;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_core.cvGetSize;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_core.cvInRangeS;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_core.cvScalar;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_imgproc.CV_BGR2GRAY;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_imgproc.CV_MEDIAN;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_imgproc.cvCvtColor;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_imgproc.cvEqualizeHist;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_imgproc.cvGetCentralMoment;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_imgproc.cvGetSpatialMoment;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_imgproc.cvMoments;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_imgproc.cvSmooth;
import static com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_highgui.*;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import javax.swing.JPanel;

import com.googlecode.javacv.CanvasFrame;
import com.googlecode.javacv.FrameGrabber;
import com.googlecode.javacv.VideoInputFrameGrabber;
import com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_core.CvScalar;
import com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_core.IplImage;
import com.googlecode.javacv.cpp.opencv_imgproc.CvMoments;

public class ColoredObjectTrack implements Runnable {
    final int INTERVAL = 1000;// 1sec
    final int CAMERA_NUM = 0; // Default camera for this time

Mouse Gesture Recognition Using Hidden Markov Model - Java Source Code

Hi everyone, I have uploaded the codes for my project - "Mouse Gesture Recognition with Hidden Markov Model - Java".

You can find it @ google code : https://code.google.com/p/mouse-gesture-recognition-java-hidden-markov-model/.

This svn repository @ google code contains eclipse source code (VQ and HMM codes from OCVolume Project.) , trained hmm models and codebook, captured data for few gestures.

Similar codes for Speech Recognition System using HMM/VQ + MFCC will be uploaded SOON.

DEMO VIDEO: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CNJ2fCj4xQ


maven install jar to repository locally

Run the following command to install the "MyJar-x.x.x.jar" into Local maven repository. The underlined  values vary in your case.
mvn install:install-file -Dfile=PathOFJar_MyJar-x.x.x.jar -DgroupId=com.mycompany -DartifactId=myJar -Dversion=x.x.x -Dpackaging=jar

After installing, Add the dependency into Pom.xml :
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mycompany</groupId>
            <artifactId>myJar</artifactId>
            <version>x.x.x</version>
        </dependency>

As an alternative, you can directly refer to a jar file in your file system. This eliminates the hassle that every team member and build server to run the mvn:install command every time someone adds some local jar in pom.xml.

Take a look at following blog post for the details.
http://ganeshtiwaridotcomdotnp.blogspot.com/2016/12/maven-use-local-jar-without-installing.html


Java grey image from RGB image convert full source code

The java code below is for making grey image from a image
public static void main(String[] args) {
        BufferedImage org = getImage("test.jpg");
        BufferedImage greyImage = getGrayScaleAvg(org);
        new ImageFrame(org, "Original");
        new ImageFrame(greyImage, "After GrayScale");
    }

Full working source code : averages the pixels to obtain grey image
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

public class tempgrey {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BufferedImage org = getImage("test.jpg");//valid input image
        BufferedImage greyImage = getGrayScaleAvg(org);
        new ImageFrame(org, "Original");
        new ImageFrame(greyImage, "After GrayScale");
    }

    public static BufferedImage getImage(String imageName) {
        try {
            File input = new File(imageName);
            BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(input);
            return image;

Job Interview Question Answer Frequently Asked - programmer


Some Common and most asked job interview question ( for programmer) and their answers. In Nepali Context.

These questions are the most common questions ( in my job haunt experience) that will be asked to you in your interview.

1. Tell me about yourself:
After finishing computer engineering from ABC campus last year, i worked as java developer. I have good command of Java related technologies. I also have interest in ABC. I find myself as a hard worker and quick learner. And I think i am a good candidate for the position.

2. Last Jobs:
My first job was at ABC as N months contract. Our responsibilites were bug fixing and upgrading an existing ABC system. It was a web app. I mainly worked in feature enhancement like : ABC and some business modules like report generations.
After finishing the contract, i joined ABC as java developer. There too i worked  in a business application for healthcare related dataprocessing/reporting application . I mainly write code for ABC , ABC etc.

3. Why did you leave your last job?
In fact it was a good time working for ABC but i couldnot find any learning opportunity there, I always wanted a challanging job where i can contribute myself and learn something. I worked there for N months and decided to quit the job.

What did you did in this free time :
After i quit the job - besides job haunting, i did a freelancing project- it was ABC,..,
Meanwhile, i learned android framework and teach java in an institute for about 1 month.


6. How do you know about this position?
I knew about this org from the job vacancy notice posted in ABC.com.

7. What do you know about this organization?
ABC is a 10 year old software company located in ABC. it mainly works on ABC. Its major clients are ABC. Major products are ABC.

11. What kind of salary do you need?
As i have few experience and skills, and this might be somehow different job from my previous ... ummm...well ... NN000 NRS/Mo will be fine.

13. How long would you expect to work for us if hired?
I would work as long as you and i both enjoy working me in ABC. I am certain that, I will enjoy the job at ABC##??

25. What are you looking for in a job?
Where i can contribute more and learn new things in the process . not only technically but also the detail of business domain on which i am working at.

50. Do you have any questions for me?
Well ... yes i think i  have one.

>> what will be the next possible step in selection process.
>> what type of responsibilities
>>

Correct way of connecting ADSL splitter and router

REMEMBER : If you need extensions, connect it after splitter only. 
Right way of connecting adsl splitter and router in telephone line
Wrong way of connecting adsl router, splitter in telephone line

correct adsl connection diagram, router, computer, splitter, telephone line

NTC ADSL Configuration Working Way

To configure ADSL setting in a ADSL Router, you need to enter the following informations .


The (generic) easy steps :


1) Open 192.168.1.1 (in most routers) in router,
        use admin for username and admin for password (If it doesnot work, refer to the manual of router, the login information can be found on back of router)

2) Search for the ADSL settings page in the router config -
For Routing Mode (where router automatically dials the connection), You need to provide/choose the following minimum settings there

>Choose PPPOE LLC for Connection type or encapsulation
>Enter correct username and password given by NTC
>Choose authentication AUTO
>provide 8 for VPI, and 81 for VCI

3) Save the connection settings and restart the router.
4) Make sure all the LEDS including internet is ON.

tips - learn programming faster and effectively

How to learn programming effectively- tips for developing programming skills


Tip1 : Have detail knowledge of following and practice them in your favorite programming language
  • Design Patterns / Anti Patterns
  • UML
  • OOAD